World climates

World climates

Climate is the average weather conditions recorded at a place over many years. The   most important climatic factors are temperature and precipitation. The Köppen Climate Classification System is the most widespread system used to classify the climates of places on our planet. The system was developed German climatologist and amateur botanist Wladimir Köppen (1846-1940) who divided the world's climates into several major categories based upon general temperature profile related to latitude. Equatorial, Tropical Continental and Monsoon are from Group A: Tropical/Mega thermal climates, Hot desert and Cold climate are from Group B: Dry arid/semiarid climates and Tundra belongs to Group E: Polar and alpine climates.

Equatorial:Regions with this climate experience high temperatures all year round. The average monthly temperatures are about 26 – 28 degrees Celsius. The annual temperature range (the difference between the average temperature of the hottest and coldest months) is very small. The annual temperature range may be as low as 3 degrees Celsius. The daily temperature range (the difference between the highest temperature in the day and the lowest temperature at night) is usually greater. Humidity is usually very high.

Major characteristic of this climate is the high rainfall. These regions usually experience 2000 mm of rainfall or more in a year.

Tropical Continental: Tropical climate which is a non-arid climate have an average temperatures above 18ºC. Rainforest's, Savanna and Semi-arid are some of the example of tropical climates. 

The equatorial belt experiences tropical climate which is usually marked with hot and humid weather conditions. Which is accompanied with thunderstorms almost every day. Sunshine along with excessive rainfall is the distinct feature of this climate which helps in the growth of luxuriant vegetation. Tropical climate are usually common in places like Amazon Basin in Brazil, the Congo Basin in West Africa and in Indonesia. 

Due to evaporation and rain formation due to immense sunlight, the temperatures in this region usually ascend beyond 35ºC. The night of tropic weather condition are usually covered with clouds and thereby with a fall in temperature to about 22ºC. High precipitation is usually subjected when sun reaches overhead during the midday time.

Monsoon climate: is a relatively rare type of climate. Tropical monsoon climates have monthly mean temperatures above 10;°C in every month of the year and feature wet and dry seasons, tropical monsoon climate's driest month sees less than 60 mm of precipitation but more than 100. This climate has a driest month which nearly always occurs at or soon after the "winter" solstice for that side of the equator. Tropical monsoon climates are most commonly found South and Central America.

Hot desert:Hot desert climates are typically found under the subtropical ridge, these areas are located between 30 degrees south and 30 degrees north latitude, under the subtropical latitudes called the horse latitudes. Hot desert climates are generally hot, sunny and dry year-round. Maximum temperatures of over 40 °C aren't uncommon in summer and can even soar to over 45 °C in the hottest regions. Hot desert climates can be found in the deserts of North Africa such as the wide Sahara desert, the Libyan desert or the Nubian Desert.

Cold climate:This climate is characteristic for having cold temperatures. Cold climates are located in the high artic. Summer in this climate is from october to february, the temperatures are of -29F. In winter temperatures are of -40F or -50F. Polar bears are well adapted to this climate.

Tundra climate:The tundra is the coldest biome in the world. The temperature rarely gets above -18 degrees. In June it can sometimes reach at 50 degrees. Winters are long, cold, and dark compared to the bright summer months. When the sun disappears and there is no light. Due to this lack of sun, temperatures can fall to --94 degrees (-70 degrees C). Even during the summer months this biome experiences snow falls.